The Polish Crown in relations between Prussia, Sweden and Russia in 1704–1705

Authors

  • L. I. Ivonina Smolensk State University, Smolensk, Russia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34680/Caurus-2024-3(2)-21-34

Keywords:

Polish Crown, diplomacy, the Northern War, the War of the Spanish Succession, Prussia, Sweden, Russia

Abstract

At the beginning of the 18th century, when Europe was experiencing two wars – the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) and the Northern War (1700–1721), the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a significant object of foreign interests of Sweden, Prussia and Russia. The struggle for influence in Poland intensified in 1704–1705 when the king on the Polish throne changed. Using a system approach that takes the interaction and mutual influence of two European wars into account, the article analyzes the relationship between Berlin, Stockholm and St. Petersburg regarding the Polish Crown. The main attention is focused on the position of Prussia because the diplomacy of Sweden and Russia on this issue was more definite due to mutual confrontation in the Baltic. In 1704–1705, diplomatic discussions around the Polish throne played a large role in the further development of the military and political situation on the continent. Although the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth came under Swedish dominance and received a new king, the political dissent in Poland did not allow Charles XII to dictate his will throughout its territory. The stability of Swedish influence in Poland and the recognition of Stanislaw Leszczynski as the Polish king in Europe largely depended on Berlin’s position. Stockholm persistently proposed to the king of Prussia Frederick I, who was interested in increasing his lands at the expense of Poland, to make an alliance with him. However, the military and diplomatic activity of Peter I in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Prussia’s obligations in the War of the Spanish Succession forced Frederick I to hesitate and negotiate both with Sweden and the legitimate king Augustus II and the Russian sovereign. Due to the uncertain position of Prussia, the Swedish king, invaded the Holy Roman Empire in 1706 in order to force Augustus II to abdicate the Polish throne, that could lead to the unification of the Northern War and the War of the Spanish Succession.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

L. I. Ivonina, Smolensk State University, Smolensk, Russia

doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of
Universal History
e-mail: ivonins@rambler.ru

 

References

Burdowicz-Nowicki J. (2013). Piotr I, August II i Rzechpospolita 1697–1706. [Peter I, August II and Rzechpospolita 1697–1706]. Krakow: Arcana. 768 p. (In Polish).

Carson E. (hrsg). (1894). Die eigenhandigen Briefe Konig Karls XII. [The autograph‘s letters of King Charles XII]. Berlin. 303 p. (In German).

Cieslak E. (1994). Stanislaw Leszczynski.. [Stanislaw Leszczynski]. Wroclaw, Warszawa, Krakow. 279 s. (In Polish).

Czok K. (2006). August der Starke und seine Zeit. Kurfürst von Sachsen und König von Polen. [August the Strong and his time. The Elector of Saxony and The King of Poland]. München: Piper. 208 p. (In German).

Droyzen J. G. (1855). Geschichte der preussischen Politik. [The History of Prussian politics]. T.4. Leipzig: Verlag Veit. 692 s. (In German).

Erdmann Y. (1970). Der livländische Staatsmann Johann Reinhold von Patkul; Ein abenteuerliches Leben zwischen Peter dem Grossen, August dem Starken und Karl XII. von Schweden. [The Livonian statesman Johann Reinhold von Patkul; An adventurous life between Peter the Great, August the Strong and Charles XII of Sweden]. Berlin: Haude & Spenersche Verlagbuchhandlung. 309 S. (In German).

Frey L. and M. (1983). A question of Empire: Leopold I and the war of Spanish Succession 1701–1705. New York: Columbia University Press. 165 р.

Göse Fr. (2012). Friedrich I. (1657–1713). Ein König in Preußen. [Frederick I (1657–1713). A King in Prussia]. Regensburg: Pustet. 396 p. (In German).

Grogorjev B. (2006). Karl XII, ili pjat pul dlja korolja. [Charles XII, or five bullets for the King]. Мoscow: Molodayja gvardija. 550 p. (In Russian).

Hassinger E. (1953). Brandenburg-Preussen, Schweden und Russland. 1700–1713. [Brandenburg–Prussia, Sweden and Russia. 1700–1713]. Munchen. 319 p. (In German).

Ivonina L. I. (2009). Vojna za Ispanskoje nasledstvo. [The War of the Spanish Succession]. Мoscow: RosKonsult. 288 p. (In Russian).

Ivonina L. I. (2020). Jarkij zakat Rechi Pospolitoj: Jan Sobieskij, Avgust Silnij, Stanislaw Leszczynskij. [The bright sunset of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Jan Sobieski, August the Strong, Stanislaw Leszczynski]. SPb: NestorIstorija. 184 p. (In Russian).

Kaminski A. (1969). Konfederacja sandomierska wobec Rosji w okresie poaltransztadzkim 1706-1709. [The Sandomierz Confederation towards Russia in the post-Altranststadt period 1706-1709]. Wroclaw. 159 s.
(In Polish).

Kampmann K., Krause K., Krems E.-B., Tischer A. (hrsg). (2008). Bourbon-Habsburg-Oranien. Konkurrieremde Modelle im dynastischen Europa um 1700. [The Bourbon-Habsburg-Orange. Competing models in dynastic Europe around 1700]. Koln, Weimar, Wien. 301 s. (In German).

Loewe V. (hrsg.) (1923). Preussens Staatsverträge aus der Regierungszeit König Friedrich I. [State Treaties of Prussia during the reign of King Frederick I]. Verlag: Leipzig, Hirzel. 153 p. (In German).

Malettke K. (2012). Hegemonie – Multipolares System – Gleichgewicht. Internationale Beziehungen 1648/1659–1713/1714. [Hegemony – Multipolar System – Balance. The International Relations 1648/1659–1713/1714]. Paderborn-Munchen-Wien-Zurich: Ferdinand Schoningh. 581 p.
(In German).

Molchanov N. N. (1991). Diplomatija Petra Velikogo. [The Diplomacy of Peter the Great]. Мoscow. 444 p. (In Russian).

Ohff H. (2016). Preußens Könige. [Kings of Prussia]. München: Piper. 400
p. 11–42. (In German).

Ohryzko J. (wyd.) (1859). Volumina Legum. Prawa, konstytucje i przywileje Królestwa Polskiego, Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i wszystkich prowincji należących na walnych sejmach uchwalonych. [Volumina Legum. Rights, constitutions and privileges of the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and all provinces belonging to them adopted by general sejms]. St. Petersburg. T. VI. 415 p. (In Polish).

Plessen M.-L. (hrsg.) (2003). Idee Europa. Entwürfe zum «Ewigen Frieden». Ordnungen und Utopien für die Gestaltung Europas von der pax romana zur Europäischen Union. [The idea of Europe. Drafts for “Eternal Peace”. Orders and utopias for shaping Europe from the Pax Romana to the European Union]. Berlin. 321 p. (In German).

Rotstein A. (1986). Peter the Great and Marlborough. L. 247 p.

Schilling H. (2001). Europa um 1700. Eine Welt der Hofe und Allianzen und eine Hierarchie der Dynastien [Europe around 1700. A world of Courts and Alliances and a hierarchy of dynasties]. Preussen 1701. Eine europaische Geschichte Essays. [Prussia of 1701. A European History Essays]. Berlin. Pp. 12–30. (In German).

Snyder H. L. (ed.) (1975). The Marlborough-Godolphin correspondence.
Vol. I. Oxford. 630 p.

Staszewski J. (1998). August II Mocny. [August the Strong]. Wrocław. 307 p. (In Polish).

Vosgrin V. E. (1986). Rossija I evropejskije strain v godi Severnoj vojni. [Russia and European countries during the Northern War]. L. 298 p.
(In Russian).

Zernack K. (2001). Preussen-Deutschland-Polen Aufzatze zur Geschichte der deutch-polnicshen Beziehungen [PrussiaGermany-Poland Essays on the history of German-Polish relations] / Hrsg. von W. Fischer und M. G. Muller. Berlin, Duncker & Humblot. 290 p. (In German).

Downloads


##article.numberofviews## 194

Published

2024-06-30

How to Cite

Ivonina, L. I. (2024). The Polish Crown in relations between Prussia, Sweden and Russia in 1704–1705. Caurus, 3(2), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.34680/Caurus-2024-3(2)-21-34

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Caurus

Section

Articles