Social connections between political actors in the Baltic states at the end of the XIIth – beginning of the XIIIth century (according to the Chronicle of Livonia)

Authors

  • Yu. N. Kezha Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34680/Caurus-2024-3(3)-14-33

Keywords:

“Chronicle of Livonia”, social connections, crusaders, Bishop of Riga, Old Russian princes, Livs, Latgalians, Estonians

Abstract

The article examines the process of social interaction between the main political forces in the Baltic states (Livonia) at the initial stage of German colonization (80s of the XIIth century - 20s of the XIIIth century). The main source of the study is the Latin manuscript of the German clergyman Henry, known as the «Chronicle of Livonia» or «Chronicle of Henry of Latvia»
(lat. Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae). The main focus of the study is on the forms of contacts that led to the building of a complex system of connections. Special attention is devoted to the consideration of various types of conflicts, as well as ways to resolve them. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about the main mechanisms for the formation of political alliances and the functioning of social connections in the region under study.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Yu. N. Kezha, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus

Candidate of Historical Sciences,
doctoral student of the Department of History of Russia
e-mail: yurykezha86@gmail.com

 

References

Al'thof G., Shtol'berg-Relingen, B. Yazyk darov. Logika i semantika obmena darami v Evrope do nachala Novogo vremeni [The language of gifts. Logic and semantics of gift exchange in pre-modern Europe]. In Na yazyke darov: pravila simvolicheskoj kommunikacii v Evrope. 1000–1700 gg. [In the language of gifts: rules of symbolic communication in Europe. 1000–1700]. Moscow: Political Encyclopedia, 2016. Pp. 8–28. (in Russian).

Bahrushin S. V. (1942). Aleksandr Nevskij i bor'ba russkogo naroda s germanskoj agressiej v XIII veke [Alexander Nevsky and the struggle of the Russian people against German aggression in the XIIIth century]. Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences. No. 4. Pp. 58–71. (in Russian).

Genrih Latvijskij Hronika Livonii [Chronicle of Livonia]. Editorial board:
S. A. Anninsky [and others]. Mosсow, Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1938. 608 p. (in Russian).

Gіstoryya Belarusі: U 6 t. T. 1 Starazhytnaya Belarus': Ad pershapachatkovaga zasyalennya da syaredzіny XІІІ st. [History of Belarus in 6 volumes. T. 1 Ancient Belarus: From the initial settlement to the middle of the XIIIth century]. Editor: M. Kostyuk (gal. ed.) and others. Mіnsk: “Ekaperspektyva”, 2000. 351 p. (in Belarusian).

Gracianskij N. P. (1943). Bor'ba slavyan i narodov Pribaltiki s nemeckoj agressiej v srednie veka [The struggle of the Slavs and Baltic peoples against German aggression in the Middle Ages]. Mosсow: Uchpedgiz.
64 p. (in Russian).

Gurevich A. Ya. (2020). Bogatstvo i darenie u skandinavov v rannee srednevekov'e [Wealth and gifting among the Scandinavians in the early Middle Ages] In Izbrannye trudy. «Edda» i saga [Selected works. "Edda" and saga]. Mosсow, Saint Petersburg: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives.
Pp. 410–430. (in Russian).

Kezha Y. N. (2022). Politicheskaya kommunikaciya mezhdu pravitelyami v «Hronike Livonii» [Political communication between rulers in the Chronicle of Livonia]. Bulletin of Polotsk State University. Humanities series. № 9.
Pp. 44–49. (in Russian).

Le Goff Zh. (2000). Simvolicheskij ritual vassaliteta [Symbolic ritual of vassalage]. In Drugoe Srednevekov'e: Vremya, trud i kul'tura Zapada
[The Other Middle Ages: Time, Labor and Western Culture]. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House,. Pp. 211–262. (in Russian).

Magaramov Sh. A. (2019). Institut amanatstva vo vzaimootnosheniyah dagestanskih politicheskih elit s rossijskoj vlast'yu [The institution of amanatism in the relationship of Dagestan political elites with the Russian authorities]. Questions of history., № 12 (2). Pp. 163–170. (in Russian).

Matuzova V. I., Nazarova V. I. Krestonoscy i Rus'. Konec XII v. – 1270 g. Teksty, perevod, kommentarij [Crusaders and Rus'. End of the XIIth century – 1270 Texts, translation, commentary]. Mosсow: Publishing house «Indrik», 2002. 488 p. (in Russian).

Moss M. (2011). Obshchestva. Obmen. Lichnost'. Trudy po social'noj antropologii [Society. Exchange. Personality. Works on social anthropology]. Mosсow: KDU. 413 p. (in Russian).

Pashuto V. T. (1956). Geroicheskaya bor'ba russkogo naroda za nezavisimost' [The heroic struggle of the Russian people for independence]. Mosсow: State Publishing House of Political Literature. 
280 p. (in Russian).

Podberyozkin F. D. (2022). «Yur'evskaya dan'» v russko-livonskih otnosheniyah (XIII – seredina XVI veka) [“Yuriev tribute” in Russian-Livonian relations (XIII - mid-XVI century)]. Moscow: Kvadriga. 241 p. (in Russian).

Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisej: T. 1 Lavrent'evskaya letopis' [Complete collection of Russian chronicles: T. 1 Laurentian Chronicle]. Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1926–1928. 379 p.

Rier Ya. A. (2020). Pravitel' i obshchestvo na belorusskih zemlyah v XІІІ – pervoj treti XV v.: osnovnye mekhanizmy politogeneza, legitimizacii i sakralizacii vlasti [Ruler and society in the Belarusian lands in the XIIIth – first third of the XVth century: the main mechanisms of politogenesis, legitimization and sacralization of power]. Mogilev: Mogilev State University named after A. A. Kuleshova. 256 p. (in Russian).

Rier Ya. A. (2022). Yazycheskie ritualy vlasti pervyh pravitelej Litvy (seredina XIII – seredina XIV v.) [Pagan rituals of power of the first rulers of Lithuania (mid-XIII - mid-XIV centuries)] In Drevnejshie gosudarstva Vostochnoj Evropy. 2022 god: Rol' religii v formirovanii sociokul'turnyh praktik i predstavlenij
[The most ancient states of Eastern Europe. 2022: The role of religion in the formation of sociocultural practices and ideas]. Moscow: GAUGN- Press.
Pp. 187–201. (in Russian).

Stefanovich P. S. (2006). Klyatva po russko-vizantijskim dogovoram X v. [Oath according to Russian-Byzantine treaties of the 10th century] In Drevnejshie gosudarstva Vostochnoj Evropy: Materialy i issledovaniya. 2004 god: Politicheskie instituty Drevnej Rusi [The most ancient states of Eastern Europe: Materials and research. 2004: Political institutions of Ancient Rus']. Moscow: Eastern Literature. Pp. 383–403. (in Russian).

Tihomirov M. N. (1941). Bor'ba russkogo naroda s nemeckimi interventami v XII–XV vv. [The struggle of the Russian people against the German invaders in the XII–XV centuries]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat. 68 p. (in Russian).

Fetisov A. A. (2002). Ritual'noe soderzhanie klyatvy oruzhiem v russko-vizantijskih dogovorah [Ritual content of the oath with weapons in Russian-Byzantine treaties] In Slavyanskij al'manah 2001 g. [Slavic almanac 2001]. Moscow. Pp. 36–45. (in Russian).

Hrustalyov D. G. (2019). Severnye krestonoscy. Rus' v bor'be za sfery vliyaniya v Vostochnoj Pribaltike XІІ–XІІІ vv. [Northern Crusaders. Rus' in the struggle for spheres of influence in the Eastern Baltics in the XIIth–XIIIth centuries]. Saint Petersburg: Eurasia. 624 p. (in Russian).

Shtyhov G. V. (1978). Goroda Polockoj zemli (ІX–XІІІ vv.) [Cities of Polotsk land (IX–XIII centuries)]. Minsk.: Science and technology. 160 p. (in Russian).

Yarcev S. V., Shushunova, E. V. (2019). Osobennosti zaklyucheniya mira s gotami imperatorom Valentom v 369 g. [Features of the conclusion of peace with the Goths by Emperor Valens in 369] In Vizantijskoe sodruzhestvo: tradicii i smena paradigm: tez. dokl. XXII-j vserossijskoj nauchnoj sessii vizantinistov RF, Ekaterinburg, 24–28 sentyabrya 2019 g.
[Byzantine Commonwealth: traditions and paradigm shifts: abstract.
report XXII All-Russian Scientific Session of Byzantinists of the Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, September 24–28, 2019]. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House, 2019. Pp. 180–182. (in Russian).

Downloads


##article.numberofviews## 161

Published

2024-09-30

How to Cite

Kezha, Y. N. (2024). Social connections between political actors in the Baltic states at the end of the XIIth – beginning of the XIIIth century (according to the Chronicle of Livonia). Caurus, 3(3), 14–33. https://doi.org/10.34680/Caurus-2024-3(3)-14-33

Issue

Section

Articles